摘 要：幽门螺杆菌是具有高感染率的慢性感染性致病菌，与儿童慢性胃炎、消化不良、不明原因缺铁性贫血及儿童生长发育迟缓等疾病相关，给患儿的健康带来极大危害，且大部分成人幽门螺杆菌感染也是在儿童期获得。因此，寻求一种适合儿童的、便捷的幽门螺杆菌检测方法十分必要。目前常用的检测方法包括快速尿素酶试验、组织切片染色、胃黏膜细菌培养、尿素呼气试验、血清抗幽门螺杆菌抗体检测、幽门螺杆菌粪便抗原检测等。临床上应根据不同的检测目的，选择不同的检测方法。本文就目前儿童幽门螺杆菌检测方法作一综述，比较分析多种检测方法的效果。

Abstract: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a chronic infectious pathogen with high prevalence. H. pylori infection is closely related to chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, iron deficiency, anemia and growth retardation in children. It is a lifetime health issue for children. Therefore, finding a safe, efficient and convenient detection method suitable for children is very important. Currently, the commonly used detection methods in children include rapid urease test (RUT), histological examination, bacterial culture, urea breath test (UBT), serum H. pylori-IgG antibodies, H. pylori stool antigen, etc. In general, a non-invasive, efficient, operation friendly and economic H. pylori detection method is needed. Therefore suitable method should be chosen according to the diagnosis purpose. This review summarizes various detection methods and their clinical value for H. pylori infection in children.